Supporting meta transactions

All Uniswap V2 pool tokens support meta-transaction approvals via the permit function. This obviates the need for a blocking approve transaction before programmatic interactions with pool tokens can occur.

ERC-712

In vanilla ERC-20 token contracts, owners may only register approvals by directly calling a function which uses msg.sender to permission itself. With meta-approvals, ownership and permissioning are derived from a signature passed into the function by the caller (sometimes referred to as the relayer). Because signing data with Ethereum private keys can be a tricky endeavor, Uniswap V2 relies on ERC-712, a signature standard with widespread community support, to ensure user safety and wallet compatibility.

Domain Separator

keccak256(  abi.encode(    keccak256('EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)'),    keccak256(bytes(name)),    keccak256(bytes('1')),    chainId,    address(this)  ));

• name is always Uniswap V2, see name.
• chainId is determined from the ERC-1344 chainid opcode.
• address(this) is the address of the pair, see Pair Addresses.

Permit Typehash

keccak256('Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)');`